¹ First-professional degree programs include the following: medicine (M.D.), chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.), dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.), optometry (O.D.), osteopathic medicine (D.O.), pharmacy (D.Pharm.), podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.M.), veterinary medicine (D.V.M.), law (L.L.B. or J.D.), and theology (M.Div., M.H.L., or B.D.).(return to text)